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Ontologies and Software Engineering

This content below is combined from several research and work; the author would like to thank the all sources for providing this useful information. And thank you UTCC for funding the research for all these past years.

Tthe object model is the center of data modeling; on the other hand ontology itself has the concept which is the basis of knowledge base. The goal of the data model is to certify that all data objects required by the database are completely and accurately represented. Because the data model uses easily understood notations and natural language, it can be examined and confirmed as correct by the end-users. Ontologies are objects of interest (universal of discourse).

Ontology describes the types of things that exist, and rules that govern them; a object model defines records about things, and is the basis for a database design. Not all the information in ontology may be needed (or can even be held) in a data model and there are a number of choices that need to be made (West, M., 2006).

Ontologies are promised to bright future. This paper proposes that as ontologies are closely related to modern object oriented software engineering, it is natural to adapt existing object-oriented software development methodologies for the task of ontology development. This is some part of similarity between descriptive ontologies and database schemas, conceptual data models in object oriented are good applicant for ontology modeling, however; the difference between constructs in object models and in current ontology proposals which are object structure, object identity, generalization hierarchy, defined constructs, views, and derivations. We can view ontology design as an extension of logical database design, which mean that the training object data software developers could be a promising approach. An ontology is the comparable of database schema but ontology represent a much richer information model than normal database schema, and also a richer information model compared to UML class/object model. Object modeling focus on identity and behavior is completely different from the relational model’s focus on information.

It is likely to adjust existing object oriented software development methodologies for the ontology development. The object model of a system consists of objects, identified from the text description and structural linkages between them corresponding to existing or established relationships. The ontologies provide metadata schemas, offering a controlled vocabulary of concepts. At the center of both object models and ontologies are objects within a given problem domain. The difference is that while the object model should contain explicitly shown structural dependencies between objects in a system, including their properties, relationships, events and processes, the ontologies are based on related terms only. On the other hand, the object model refers to the collections of concepts used to describe the generic characteristics of objects in object oriented languages. Because ontology is accepted as a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization, we can naturally link ontologies with object models, which represent a system oriented map of related objects easily.

Waralak V. Siricharoen Computer Science Department, School of Science, University the Thai Chamber of Commerce (UTCC) Dindeang, Bangkok, Thailand lak_waralak@yahoo.com, waralak_von@utcc.ac.th

Anatomy and Physiology 1 Help - 5 Tips to Pass

Anatomy and Physiology 1 is a difficult class that causes anxiety and frustration in most students. Almost every Doctor, Nurse or Marine Biologist has stumbled at some point when learning and physiology but the good news is that most find a way to pass and to move on in their studies. As a former student and current instructor of anatomy I have become familiar with some techniques and tips that will help the student to learn anatomy and physiology and to make passing the class a little less painful.

1: Breath better, learn more. Our brains need adequate amounts of oxygen in order to function. Most of us tend to breath faster, shorter breaths when in stressful situations, like studying and taking tests. Trying to concentrate without a good supply of oxygen is like to swim in a poll with only three feet of water! Inhaling deeply and holding it for a count of eight and exhaling for three to four repetitions increases the pressure in the lungs thereby forcing more oxygen into the bloodstream. Injecting this fresh supply of oxygen into the overworked mind can help to kick start the learning process and reduce the associated anxiety.

2: Create comfort patterns. Try to think of ways to reduce distractions when you study and during test taking. Most likely when you are going to take your exam the room will be well lit and quiet so this is the environment in which you should study. By duplicating, as much as possible, the test day conditions while you study you can prepare your brain to tap into the information easier when it comes time to take the exam. Study in the same clothes you will wear on the test day, chew the same gum, wear the same perfume. Make the exam a natural and comfortable part of your everyday routine and your brain will react favorably.

3: Verbalize everything you learn. When you study talk out loud. Become familiar with the pronunciation of the terms used in anatomy by saying and listening to the words. Find a study partner who will listen to you and who will also speak. This helps both of you to tap into yet another sense that can anchor your thoughts.

4: Listen to what your instructor stresses. Most instructors will stress or repeat the information they deem important. Highlight these concepts in your notes and book. Find questions that target what he or she is firmly conveying. There are only so many ways to ask a question and a limited amount of time in which to test so most instructors want to keep students focused on what to study and you must keep an ear open to this direction.

5: Find old questions. Take as many practice tests as you can find. These can be found in the back of textbooks, in the library and online. Familiarize yourself not only with the correct answer but try to understand why it was right and why the others were incorrect. You will start to see common themes and similar questions that may very well be asked to you. You are not trying to memorize the answers, you are looking for repeating concepts.

I hope that you take advantage of these tips and that they help you pass Anatomy and Physiology 1.

Dr. DeFries is a practicing Chiropractor and anatomy instructor Tools to Help Pass Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy and Physiology 1 Help - 5 Tips to Pass

How Online English Courses Benefit All Learning Needs

The benefits of online English courses reach far and wide. With the difficulty of the language posing numerous stumbling blocks even for those with the native English tongue, strong instruction that works is essential. Whether you are taking English as a second language or you need to increase your communication skills to be a better professional, online courses offer you a great freedom as well as a good opportunity. Kids needing additional English lessons can find that these are the classes that get them over the hump.

Online courses give you the freedom to structure your classes around your day. Some of us keep some pretty wild schedules. There are few classes that allow you morning study one day, afternoon the next, and then evening on the third day. Structuring your classes into your schedule helps you ensure that you will attend your classes online.

Of course, taking English classes online also gives you different modes of learning that aren’t as readily available in other class formats. You can find different ways to study, including games, audio and visual stimulation, and sometimes even an online tutor. The host of various tools for learning and completing assignments gives you a chance to push through and accelerate in a manner that is comfortable for you.

English as a second language can be terribly frustrating. Most of the languages around the world consider English to be backward when it comes to the structure of sentences. The way the language places adverbs and adjectives can be opposite when compared to most other languages. This often presents a challenge for those who are trying to master the English language.

Of course, there are plenty of students that are struggling through their school work as they attempt to find the proper way to write and speak their native tongue. In a world full of slang, acronyms, and now with l33t speak (pronounced leet) on the rise it’s no wonder that many individuals end their sentences with prepositions and don’t understand where a possessive apostrophe belongs. There are many rules of the language, as well as exceptions to those rules, that are not practiced in daily communications among younger generations.

Those of us who are 35 and under have grown up in a world where English was considered the most valuable language to learn and yet our households and friends reflected a totally different language. This can cause issues when it comes to completing high school English classes and can reflect on SAT scores.

When you find a need for English classes one of the best places to look is naturally online. You will need to select a course that is appropriate for your needs. If you’re trying to help a struggling student you may want a different course than someone trying to learn conversational English.

Make sure the online English courses come with some sort of support. Many of the programs offer help through chat as well as over the phone. If you are having trouble, it’s highly beneficial to have someone to help work out the problem.

Straying away from the traditional methods of learning English, tools such as the Online English courses are useful for beginners. While trying to learn to speak English, beginners can learn other languages by using devices such as the English to Spanish translation.

Benefits of Music Lessons For Children

There are always reasons for doing what we want to do. For some of us it is all about fun. That should be an incentive that is enough for children to take music lessons. However, some parents need a bit more prompting as far as reasons go. Here is what every parent needs to know when it comes to music lessons for children - benefits.

There are many aspects that as a child grows, these areas need to be trained. One of those is the cognitive and motor areas. This helps them so that they can manipulate their mind and their body. Other areas include problem solving. All of these can be worked with when a child does music lessons.

It has also been stated that those children who take music lessons throughout their life will be better in some areas as they are exercising certain parts of the brain. It is said that children do better verbally. They also do better at math. These areas are the ones that more and more schools are finding children having difficulty with. For whatever reason, much of it is because kids are trying to learn so much at one time, this is great news for children as they will do better in school. This is what we all want from children. Is it not?

The same is true for kids in high school. A study has been done by the Board of Education that has proven that while a child is in high school and is involved in either band or choir; they double their chances at doing well in math. This is the hardest sort of math that is out there as well.

We all know that school can be hard. Many kids who do not do well have found that they just want to give up. Music has been the thing to keep some kids who are ready to give up the incentive they need to keep going. There has been a relationship between music and kids staying in school that is.

There are social impacts that music lessons hold as well. Not only do children learn to have a mentor and to listen to their mentors, but they learn to work along side with people. They learn to talk things out.

They also learn to channel the negative emotions that sometimes run along with what many kids face from day to day. They are the racial injustices, the social economic standings, and much more. It is really interesting what all music can help children with.

As you can see, there are many things that can help children, but music lessons are just one thing you do not want to miss out on. The things that you can give your children just by allowing them to do this are amazing. The sad thing is, these are usually the first areas that schools cut when the budget gets too low. Look at all the things that can be accomplished just by letting them do this.

If you?re looking for used piano Toronto, look no further! Our used pianos are of great quality and they?re reasonably priced as well! If you?re also looking for a music school, make sure to visit us! Our music lessons are fun and educational!

Meticulous Inspection For Day Care Facilities

One effective way to evaluate a day care facility is to schedule an unplanned visit. Keep in mind that most day care providers are well prepared for scheduled visits. But, if you really want to see the way the day care provider operates, you need to drop in surprisingly. Even if they will not allow you to tour the facility at that time, you can still schedule your visit then. Your purpose for a surprise visit is just to assess for evident flaws that may be hazardous to your child’s safety.

There are some things you should check for when evaluating day care facilities. First, make sure that they require identification for those picking up the children. When someone, other than the parents, is going to pick up the child, they should have an identification checking policy in place. When you tour around the facility, look carefully and ensure that there are no problems that you can see in terms of child safety. Check also for the cleanliness of the center. There will be toys that the children are playing with, but obvious dirt and stains can be a sign that the teachers and staff are not dutiful of cleaning spills quickly, which could expose your child to germs and other health problems.

If you are seeking day care for a child who is potty training, check their schedule for that. Make sure there are set times every day that the children are taken to the restroom to potty train. Also, make sure the children have constant access to the bathroom. Your child will be extremely embarrassed if they accidentally didn’t make it to the bathroom during their playtime. Responsibility is another thing to look for in a day care facility. If your day care facility is located at your work, look for places where you can sneak a peek at your child. Many centers are now offering internet-based video monitoring systems so you can see your child’s classroom whenever you are at your computer. This not only ensures your child is safe, but it also gives you piece of mind about leaving your child at the day care center. Have a talk to the teacher of the day care center you are considering. You should feel comfortable with her personality and temperament, if not, then choose a different day care center.

Finally, check to see that the childcare center has educational programs built into their routine. While small children need plenty of time for free play and social interaction, their minds need structured learning times as well. See if you can look at sample papers or worksheets that the children do, so that you can get an idea of the things your children will be learning. Check for the availability of their curriculum Even if you are not educationally trained, you should know if the curriculum is quality or not.

With these guidelines, you can find an excellent day care facility for your children. You will feel confident that they are in a safe, structured environment while you are at work. When you pick them up, they will be having fun and learning in their day care facility.

Loren Yadeski, author of this article is also interested in day care and recommends you to please check out own a day care if you liked reading this information.

The Best Place to Study Spanish in South America Is…

The financial crash of 2001 in Argentina resulted in a devaluation of the peso, which caused a significant foreign tourism boom. A result of this has been the emergence of a number of high quality Spanish schools that offer you the chance to study Spanish on a budget. In addition to cost though, there are further grounds for opting to learn to speak Spanish there.

(1) Few Argentines speak English. In contrast to countries in the northern hemisphere, which have greater contact with native English speaking tourists, businesses, and pop culture, Argentina has had relatively little contact with the English-speaking world. Until recently, Argentines considered French to be of a higher standing than English and the people who had the means and interest to learn a second language tended to learn that language instead.

Even though attitudes are fast changing there now (English instruction now being an obligatory element of public school education), English is still seldom spoken fluently by Argentines. This represents an ideal situation for those wanting to learn Spanish as they will be forced to use the local language in order to get by.

(2) Argentines are easy to understand. Argentines do not talk too fast, nor do they mumble or swallow consonants, which can be common for Caribbean or Central American speakers. Many beginner students have difficulty differentiating between words with spoken Spanish due to them not being able to hear the stopping of one word and the beginning of the next and learning Spanish in Argentina reduces this issue.

You will of course acquire an Argentine accent when you speak Spanish, but this is no great problem, and you will still easily be able to be understood by Spanish speakers in other countries. In fact, having a slight variation on standard European Spanish can be a good thing, as when you speak in Spanish to natives of other Spanish speaking countries, they will be intrigued as to how you acquired your accent, making it a good ice breaker.

(3) Talking a lot is common in Argentina. You will find no problem in finding others to practice with because Argentina has a talkative culture and it is easy to start a conversation with perfect strangers. No-one will think you strange or crazy if you walk up to them and ask them how they are doing and what their plans are for the day.

When Argentines find out that you have gone there specifically to study Spanish and to learn about their culture, they will be particularly welcoming, and you can expect to be asked to have dinner at their houses, and to be taken sightseeing. Confident learners will undoubtedly benefit from such an open environment.

If this sounds like an interesting opportunity to you, you just need to do a little research on the internet. Whether you prefer a relatively short month long study holiday, a half year home stay arrangement, or something between the two, you will be sure to find something in Argentina for you.

Continue : Simple Spanish Phrases

Choosing the Appropriate Day Care For Your Child

Your children are the most important in your life so you will not put them in a day care center which you think would pose any danger to them. When you mean by danger, it talks about deprived safety precautions, poor nutritional programs, substandard teaching or care giving staff, or hazardous equipment in the play yard along with poor supervision and disciplinary actions when children are causing harm to other kids physically or mentally. Listen to your children when they talk about the place and always ask them questions to make sure they are happy and are being well taken care of.

There are things to look for when choosing the best day care for your child. Your child may not always agree with the day care curriculum but it’s for their own good. In selecting a day care, you should do some background research on the place if you can. Visit the place and talk to their staff. Ask questions to elicit their knowledge of child care and development. Take a day off from work to sit in and watch the activities at the potential day care and ask a lot of questions in the areas of nutrition, discipline, learning programs, playtime programs, and the amount of available staff to supervise children. Assess other children included in the program and regarding any problems, if any.

A day care is not just a storage place for your child, or a babysitter, it is a place where they should be learning, growing, and developing in many ways. Day cares should be both fun for the child and at the same time highly educational. They should prepare your child for a much higher learning school. This is where they go after school and should be an optimal milieu to continue their education primarily in social interaction with other kids and learning who they are as a person.

Choosing a day care takes time and should be something that you put a lot of time and energy into. Looking for a good day care is crucial to your child’s development as they are in a very vulnerable stage and you need to assure you are not just sending your child to a place that doesn’t utilize their time effectively and efficiently and this includes the children enjoying their time. A good day care can balance a powerful educational tool of physical, mental, emotional, social, and moral interaction. They should also be able to teach the basics like their ABC’s, creativity, and mannerisms to name a few transforming them into a fun time.

Your child should be coming home from day care excited and feeling good about them. They should have a lot to report about what they have learned and how much fun they experienced. Don’t keep your child in a substandard day care out of duty or protecting the caregiver’s feelings as this could be a big fault for your child’s well-being and sensitive growth.

Loren Yadeski, author of this article is also interested in day care and recommends you to please check out own a day care if you liked reading this information.

Dealing With a Child’s Behavior While in Day Care

Safe and caring environment in a pre-school can assist in children’s needs by developing the necessary skills to develop their social and behavioral milestones. Attitudes like T\taking turns, politeness, sharing and making choices are the necessary preschool activities that should be provided as it is an opportunity for the proper development of the children. Here are some methods for promoting self-discipline in children.

• Instead of praising the child, praise his behavior.

• Encourage and build the child’s self esteem.

• When setting limitations, take into consideration the child’s age and stage of development.

• To help the child learn and understand boundaries, set games with rules to be followed

• Lead a good example as children will imitate adult behavior.

• Avoid isolating and humiliating the child.

• Be consistent when you say “No.”

• Clarify expectations and rules for behavior.

• Always give reward or merit for a good behavior.

Day care workers should use these positive approaches when you want to discipline the children. This will in turn encourage self-control, self-direction, self-esteem and cooperation with others. But there are certain things that should be avoided when dealing with children such as hitting, shaking, biting or any other physical restraint or assault; humiliating, threatening, or isolating a child which endures emotional punishment; and depriving the child of meals or snacks.

Effective, tried and tested methods are present for unacceptable behaviours like bullying and temper tantrums. This includes removing the child from the situation or using distraction techniques, explaining why his behavior is not acceptable, and offering the child an opportunity to become calm and to regain self-control.

Biting others falls under the category of difficult behavior and your scope of approaches for dealing with the said behavior would apply to this unpleasant activity. With the involvement of parents and carers, they should have a work plan developed exclusively for the children who exhibit challenging behavior. Parents should be included, informed and supported to follow work plans for children, if and when necessary. Sometimes it is necessary to seek for additional support in the form of outside specialists, where necessary additional support may be sought by referral to other professionals. This is not a negative thing, rather, should be supported by parents and care providers in a positive way forward.

The day care worker should be supported to work on a one to one basis with a child who may be biting or displaying other challenging behavior over a specific period of time. The aim is that the caregiver will try to extend the child’s interests by specifically engaging them in activities, thus avoiding difficult behaviors. Difficult and challenging behaviours in children respond positively when provided with calm, constructive, consistent actions. These actions are basically the most effective method of counteracting difficult behavior. As a day care owner and worker, you have to be patient, vigilant, and can stick to your plans, and you will notice that eventually you’ll be out of the situation.

Loren Yadeski, author of this article is also interested in day care and recommends you to please check out own a day care if you liked reading this information.

Weighing Day Care With the Best Facilities

Most parents take into consideration a lot of factors when choosing a day care for their children. They surely want only the best for them, which is why they want to ensure that physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and moral aspects will be met.

It is important not to overlook the quality of the physical environment offered by day care facilities you are considering. Reports show a positive correlation between learning and a child’s physical environment. Parents who are searching for a quality day care center should always take into account the condition of the day care’s facilities, as well as the other factors including day care curriculum, educational, and nurturing values.

Before sending a child, parents should take the time to compare the facilities of several potential day care centers they are considering and weigh the benefits it will provide for you and your child. This is particularly true if the learning center was not originally set up to provide day care services or if the day care is provided from a private residence.

The Importance of Day Care Facilities

The quality of a day care center’s facilities is not just important for the safety and health of your toddler or preschooler, as these can also have impact on your child’s ability to learn and socialize. As vital as it is to have a nurturing and teaching environment at your youngster’s day care center, it is equally important to have facilities that foster their well-being as well.

The facilities in day care centers also play a role in the ability of a teacher or day care provider to implement high quality learning necessary for child’s development. If the day care environment is confined, with dimly lit play areas and classrooms, or have a maze of rooms impede the ability of staff members to keep an eye on children, making this a safety issue for sure.

The Parents Should Look For

One of the primary substances when comparing day care facilities is the physical layout, including the arrangement and union of classroom areas and play areas and proximity to the bathrooms, recommended within the eyesight of the main classroom and playing areas. Exits should be clearly marked, and if the kitchen area is present, it should be easy to navigate, free from electrical hazards, clean, and well lit. There should be a number of toilets and sinks for hand washing enough to accommodate several children attending the day care center.

In the rundown, when comparing day care facilities, you should note the presence of windows for natural light and ventilation, heating and cooling systems that function properly, an adequate number of toilets and sinks, bright indoor and outdoor lighting, and sufficient open spaces for playing both indoors and outdoors, because all of these do matter when it comes to safety and learning of the child.. After all, would you consider spending all day in a dark and dreary office? Probably not and neither does your child, right.

Loren Yadeski, author of this article is also interested in day care and recommends you to please check out own a day care if you liked reading this information.

How to Celebrate Passing to the Next Grade When School’s Out for the Summer!

There are always a few children who are sorry to see the year end, but for the majority the last day of school is the best day of the year! Depending on where you live and the way the school year is scheduled, kids are usually out for summer for two months or longer. That’s two months of sleeping in and enjoying all their favorite activities. If you want to get off to a great start, here are some ways to celebrate the end of the school year:

•For girls, a sleepover is one of the best ways to have a party. This is a great way for her to celebrate with her friends without being in school. Rent movies, order pizza, and let them stay up as late as they want! Depending on their ages, you may want to provide activities for them like play makeup or board games.

•For boys, pitch a tent in the backyard or build a tree house where they can have their own special “boys’ club”. This is a great way for them to enjoy having their friends over and for having sleepovers of their own. Only camp out in the back yard if it is secured, and an adult is willing to supervise.

•Surprise them with tickets to a show for their favorite characters or performers. From Elmo to Hannah Montana, there is something that every child of any age will enjoy.

•Go to the closest amusement park. They have always been a favorite way for kids to enjoy their free time and the larger theme parks have something to offer every child of every age with many featuring characters from favorite TV shows as well!

•Go to the water park. Even though your child likes to swim, there’s nothing that’s more fun than the slides and splashes you get from a water park. Some amusement parks have water parks in them as well so you can enjoy both events in one!

•Give them gift cards to rent movies. The video stores won’t let them rent something that isn’t age appropriate and they can choose what they want to watch and budget their movie allowance or splurge on the first week!

•Take kids shopping (with a set budget if needed) and let them choose an activity they would like to have for the summer.

•Go to the movies. Instead of watching a movie at home, go to the theater and buy a tub of popcorn and a drink while you sit back and watch with surround sound.

Once you have found the ideal way to celebrate the end of the school year, make a tradition out of it. Doing the same thing each year will be a great way to mark your child’s/children’s milestones.

You may also ask your child which celebration he/she would prefer and get ideas that you hadn’t even thought of. Just keep in mind, it is a celebration for the kids and you want to do something that they will enjoy!

Denise Sanger is the owner of NewCoolToysOnline.com which features a fantastic selection of outdoor toys including ride-on toys and battery ride on toys. The company is located in Sunny Florida and may be reached at 877-950-7665

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